Advantages And Disadvantages Of Longevity Sociology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Longevity Sociology Essay The dramatic increase in average life expectancy during the twentieth century ranks as one of societys greatest achievements. While most babies born in 1900 did not live past age 50, life expectancy at birth now exceeds eighty-three years in Japan and is at least eighty-one years in several other countries (United Nations, 2011). Life expectancy is increasing so fast that half the babies born in 2007 will live to be at least 103, while half the Japanese babies born in the same year will reach the age of 107 (Boseley, 2009). It is certain that people are glad to live a longer life since longevity is the pursuit of most humans. However, longevity has also caused a lot of problems to society, such as financial burden, lack of resources and so on. This essay is to discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of the fact that people are living a longer life so that a clear picture of the situation is shown. The advantages of longevity can be seen from both individuals and the society. As for individuals, longevity has always been considered as a kind of treasure and fortune. And wisdom is usually linked with the elder. Death has always been regarded as something frightening and most people want to live a long life. Living longer means one can stay with his or her family longer and enjoy a happy later life. People spend most of their life working and taking care of their family. So it is simple common sense that people deserve a healthy and peaceful old age after the amount of paid work. Some people die without enjoying a pleasant twilight years, which is a great pity. On the other hand, that people live longer provides an opportunity for their children to return the care they have received from parents. As a saying goes, the tree may crave calm, but the wind will not drop and the off springs want to support but for the non-existent families. It is a pain and lifelong regret for many people. With parents living longer, children can have more time to stay with and s how filial respect to them. So longevity helps to promote the harmonious relationship among family members. As for society, longevity allows people to contribute more to the world with their talent and wisdom. So many prominent scientists and scholars and other elites died with regret that they could not accomplish their plan. For example, Zhu Shenghao, a talented Chinese translator of Shakespeares works, passed away at the age of 32 due to illness. If he could live longer, there might be more Chinese versions of Shakespeare and more people could appreciate the Chinese translation art. Another illustration is the early death of English poets such as Byron who died at 36, Shelley at 29 and Keats at 25. All of them are supremely gifted and great treasure to the academia but die so young. When their poems are read by people nowadays in modern time, their rich talent can still raise great admiration. What a pity it is for the world to witness the loss of so many extraordinary talents. Since people are enjoying a longer life now, scientists can discover and invent more, scholars can write more and artists can compose more. Therefore, people living longer can make more contributions to the world. Moreover, business markets can also benefit from the reality that people live longer. Traditionally, it is believed that a person has three major periods of life: childhood, adulthood and old age. However, old age is now evolving into two segments, a third age (young old) and a fourth age (oldest old). Recognition of the older population as a major market for business is beginning, as evidenced by an increasing number of articles about the silver market. Because a great deal of wealth is held by the older population and the number of elders is increasing relative to other age groups, it makes sense for business to design products appealing to the older market, and to direct advertising to them. Consumption by the older population can stimulate the economy. The economic power of older adults also can act as a force to change the ageist stereotypes often perpetuated by advertising (Uhlenberg, 2013). In addition, since old people need to be taken care of, more nursing homes need to be b uilt. This offers more jobs so that the unemployment can be reduced and social stability can be maintained. Thus, it is beneficial to both individuals and the society with people living longer from the perspective presented above. The Disadvantages of Longevity The most obvious disadvantage of longevity people are facing now is the aging problem. The U.N. Population Division projects that people older than age 60 will increase from just less than 800 million in 2011 (11 percent of world population) to more than 2 billion in 2050 (22 percent). That is to say, by 2050, almost a quarter of the world population will be the aged. When walking in the street, one old person out of four will be seen. In a world with low fertility, low mortality, and restricted immigration, countries must deal with the reality of having 20 percent or 30 percent of their populations older than age 65 (Uhlenberg, 2013). The aging population causes a series of problems to the society. First of all, old people have to be taken care of, which leave great burden to their family as well as the society. According to an article published in the journal Corporate Adviser, MGM Advantage calculates the current level of annual household expenditure where the main occupant is aged 75 and over at more than  £6,000. So if someone lived until they were 100, between their 75th and 100th birthday not including inflation, they would need to find around  £400,000 to live. This, combined with falling annuity rates, will lead to more pensioners falling below the poverty line. (Corporate Adviser 2011) Though that people live longer is good news, the fact that should not be neglected is that this has a huge financial burden on people. The great pressure to support old parents may lead to the cracks of relationship between children and parents. There are reports about old people who cannot afford to live in nursing homes and have no child to rely on. So it is the responsibility of t he government to help the old. In developed countries, where acute care and institutional long-term-care services are widely available, the use of medical care services by adults rises with age, and per capita expenditures on healthcare are relatively high among older age groups. Accordingly, the rising proportion of older people places upward pressure on overall healthcare spending in the developed world (Kinsella, Beard and Suzman, 2013). Secondly, longevity does not necessary mean health. The rate of getting illness increases with the growth of old age. In spite of the advances in medical technology, there are still many diseases that cannot be treated efficiently. For example, the prevalence of dementia increases dramatically with age, and the projected costs of caring for the growing numbers of people with dementia are daunting. The World Alzheimer Report 2012 (Alzheimers Disease International, 2012) estimates that the total worldwide cost of dementia exceeded US$600 billion in 2010, including informal care provided by family and others, social care provided by community care professionals, and direct costs of medical care. An Australian study has estimated that around 10 percent of the expected increase in healthcare costs anticipated over the next twenty years will be due to this condition alone (Vos, et al., 2007). In addition, longer life expectancy and lower fertility rate may lead to lack of young working forces. The world with less young people will become less vigorous. And the increasing population is challenging the tolerance of the planet people are living on for most of the resources people are consuming are non-renewable. So it is urgent for human beings to do the best to protect the environment and save energy. Otherwise, longevity will become meaningless if one cannot live with contentment Therefore, longer life expectancy of human beings creates burden to society and environment. However, the problems can be dealt with if people around the world work together. Conclusion Both the advantages and disadvantages of longevity have been discussed in detail above in this essay. Overall, the advantages of longer life span outweigh its disadvantages. It is obvious that though longer life expectancy puts burden on the society and environment, the problems caused can be tackled with the joint efforts made by people and it is urgent for human beings to do the best to save the environment and find out solution to the difficulties caused by the larger and larger population on the planet. On the other hand, the benefits both people and the world can get from the phenomenon of people living longer are irreplaceable and undeniable. It is the truth that longevity is a symbol of civilization and better life.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - Dominance and Control in the Wife of

Dominance and Control in Chaucer's The Wife of Bath's Tale      Ã‚   The Wife of Bath, the main character in Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Wife of Bath's Tale" recognizes dominance over her husband as the main purpose of her life and her story.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Wife of Bath is a controlling and headstrong woman.   She craves dominance over her husbands.   She believes that, in order to be her husband, the man must be subservient and that she is the head of the household.   Even thought she has been married five times, she has never let the man hold the upper hand.   Out of the five, "three were good husbands, two of them were bad" (Chaucer 224).   She was first married at the age of twelve and is now forty years old.   To be married at such a young age, one can only imagine that the marriage was either arranged for money or for a title.   The Wife of Bath recognizes that the key to survival for a fourteenth century woman is marriage, as shown in her having had five husbands and being married at the age of twelve.   The Wife of Bath is also not what a wife should be.   She torments her husbands by denying them sex until she gets what she wants, which is land and money.   When she does sleep with t hem, it always means "nothing," but for the older husbands it means their lives (Chaucer 224).   The Wife of Bath, in her mind, has the right to deny sex because it is she who hold the "'power of his body' not he" (Chaucer 223).   She even proudly admits that she had married men for their money and driven them to their end by her desire for sex.   She prays for Jesus to send men "who are meek and young and spirited in bed" (Chaucer 250).   The Wife of Bath will stop at nothing to get what she wants because dominance is what she lives for.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ... ...at Chaucer does not believe that it is right for the Wife of Bath to use her sexuality as a tool to get what she wants.   He recognizes there are other options of gaining power because he has the hag use her intelligence to gain control over the Knight.   Feminine wiles are expected of women, just as men play their own games.   "The Wife of Bath's Tale" is a humorous and ironic tale.   The Knight supplies this irony and the Wife of Bath supplies the humor be gaining control of men half her age.   The dominance and control that the Wife of Bath strives for is the theme of her life and of Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Wife of Bath's Tale."    Works Cited Chaucer, Geoffrey.   "The Prologue of the Wife of Bath's Tale."   Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985. Plucknett, Theodore F.T.   A Concise History of the Common Law, 5th Ed.   London: Butterworth, 1956.  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Mod 5 Sg

STUDY GUIDE: MODULE 5 Harbin: Chapter 14 How did Rehoboam manage to lose most of his kingdom? He refused to cut taxes and threaten to raise them. Why is Asa viewed as a good king but given a mixed review? His lack of faith in God to assist with attack on Baasha in Northern Kingdom. How did Jehoshaphat show piety on the one hand but political naivete on the other? He went thru the country removing pagan shrines and sent teachers in the land teaching the law. he was judged for helping the wicked. What is most memorable about Athaliah?She proceeded to kill off rest of males in the royal family so that she could rule. How did Joash bring hope to the Southern Kingdom? What did he do that caused him to be assassinated? by repairing the temple restoring the worship and sacrificial system. He ordered , God's prophet Zechariah to be stoned to death on the temple grounds. His heart was turned away from God. In what way did Uzziah demonstrate spiritual foolishness? What were the consequences? H e went into the temple to burn incense, something only the priest could do.Cause he didn't listen, God struck him with leprosy. What is most memorable about Ahaz? Ahaz turned away from YHWH, he served the pagan gods, including Baal, even performed child sacrifices. He promoted the spiritual revival. Compare and contrast Hezekiah with his father, Ahaz, and with David. he was viewed as one of the worst kings in the Southern Kingdom. Hezekiah trusted in the Lord, God of Isreal. What was the role of Isaiah in the Southern Kingdom? Prophet and historian What key prophecies did the prophets of this period give regarding the Messiah? st anticipation of the birth of the Messiah 2ndthe servant songs the Messiah's bearing the sins of His people 3rd which Jesus would later read in the synagogue in Nazareth. What is most memorable about Manasseh? He had the hollow tree where Isaiah hid sawn down with Isaiah inside. His acts of apostasy In what ways was Josiah the last hope for the Southern King dom? Josiah's returning the ark of the covenant to the temple Trace the decline and fall of the Southern Kingdom. the death of Josiah Describe the different ways by which Jeremiah tried to convey his message to the people. burying a linen sash near the Euphrates River to signify the Exile; | |watching a potter remake a flawed item, illustrating how God would remark the nation; breaking a large pot before the leadership, | |demonstrating how God would destroy the Southern Kingdom; | |redeeming a piece of land, showing confidence that God would perserve the people even thru exile; | |remaining single because of the anticipated hard times; and wearing a yoke to symbolize upcomming bondage. | Why was Lamentations written? Focus on city of Jerusalem and its destruction. Chapter 15 What are some reasons that the Exile was not as severe as it might have been? Some of the people listened to the prophets People followed God's instruction the design of the exile was partial punishment Summar ize both the incidents and the visions recorded in the book of Daniel. 1. The account of Daniel and his friends declining to eat Babylonian food 2. Daniel request for stay of execution to interpret the kings dream. 3. The firery furnance 4. Daniel in the lions denVision of 4 beasts that paralled the 4 metals of the statue & what happened to Daniels people in the future. Daniel was given information about the Messiah. What is apocalyptic literature, and how is it different from prophetic literature? serves to show God's sovereignty over the future. Rich in the use of symbols. focused on what God is going to do. serve to show God's soverign control over history. is oriented toward the audience receiving the message. What makes the book of Ezekiel distinctive? It was written in Babylon, it was accepted by Isrealites who devoutly believed in God. What is the significance of Esther? she outwitted Haman and saved her people.Before reading chs. 16–17 in Harbin, read Hindson, ch. 12 and take detailed notes. Harbin: Chapter 16 What was the function of Haggai? Prophet to get the temple rebuilt How was Zechariah’s ministry different from that of Haggai, his contemporary? He focused more on future issues. message was more apocalyptic What was Ezra’s role in the return? The proposal of foreign wives be divorced and returned to their home land. How did Nehemiah help the struggling community in Jerusalem? they were able to build the walls in fifty-two days What is the significance of Malachi? bring the word of god to people of Israel Chapter 17 Why did the OT canon end with Malachi?The Jewish community came to the conclusion that God had nothing more to say to them. What is the Apocrypha, and how was it viewed by the Jews at the time of Jesus? hidden/ secret. The collection of books that is found between the OT and NT in some Bibles, scripture What is the Mishnah? How is it different from the Talmud? Why are they important? also Mish ·na (mish'n? ) n. Judaism The first section of the Talmud, being a collection of early oral interpretations of the scriptures as compiled about A. D. 200. the mishnah is a part of the juwish costom and belief. Repitition. teaching/ learning Gemarah-meaning completion, the learning of oral teaching. hey were interpretive translation of the Hebrew text designed to make the text more understandable to Jews who did not read Hebrew. What are Pseudepigrapha? Pseudepigrapha [Gr. ,=things falsely ascribed], a collection of early Jewish and some Jewish-Christian writings composed between c. 200 BC and c. AD 200, not found in the Bible or rabbinic writings. How did the Sadducees develop? traditionalist were those who followed their roots. -from a Hellenization movement sometime after the Maccabean revolt How did the Pharisees develop? Spending on time, a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple. Who were the Essenes, and why are they import ant? embers of an Jewish sect of the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD. They lived on the western shore of the Dead Sea and wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls. At that time, there were 4 schools of Judaism: Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, and Zealots Referred to as sons of Zadok. meaning holiness Who were the scribes, and what role did they play in Judean society? professional title. a generic term that could include both Pharisees and Sadducees. Their role was to copy the Law, to read it, and then to interpret it to the people. Trace the rise and demise of Alexander the Great. What happened to Alexander’s empire after his death? It was divided amoung his 4 generalsWho were the Ptolemies and the Seleucids, and why are they important? The Ptolemies were very successful and managed to capture a large part of the Seleucid Empire, including all of Syria, before local problems called Ptolemy III. peace was established during the marriage of Philadelphus daughter to AntichusII of Syria Who were the Maccabees, and what did they do for Judea? The Maccabees were a family that fought a successful rebellion against the Syrian invaders who attempted to force all Jews into becoming Hellenized. were a Jewish rebel army who took control of Judea, How did Herod, an Edomite, become king of Judea? He was the son of Antipater, n Edomite, who married the daughter of a politically influential family. Herod divorced his wife Doris and married Mariame, a Jewish daughter of the influential priestly Hasmonean family. How did Rome make Judea part of the Roman Empire? because of its troubles, in 6CE it ceased being a client kingdom and became a Roman province. The â€Å"book of the Law† was rediscovered during the reign of: JOSIAH The book of Habakkuk predicts the Babylonian conquest. TRUE According to Hindson Nebuchadnezzar was your typical autocratic egomaniac that was corrupted by power that he eventually lost his mind. TRUE Asa is seems as basically spiritually weak and an evil king of Judah.False Jeremiah advised the king to fight the Babylonians to the last man False What is most memorable about Manessah according to Harbin? He is considered to be the worst king of the southern kingdom. A key theme of the book of Isiah is †¦ NOT Restoration Joash was assassinated in response to his having Zechariah stoned to death. TRUE Around 538 or 539 BC Persian King Cyruis issued a decree allowing all captive peoples to return to their native lands. TRUE According to the text ‘The exile† could not have been any more severve than what it was: False During the reign of Hezekiah the angel of YHWH killed how many Assryian soldiers outside the walls of Jerusalem? 185,000 Often Jeremiah tried to convey his message to the people by via acts of role-playing.TRUE Per Harbin, Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the temple in Jerusalem in 586 BC TRUE Why was Lamentations written? To express the sorrow at the fall and destruction of Jerusalem. The term â€Å"branchâ €  as used by Isiah and Jeremiah emphasized that the Messiah would be from the line of David. True Rehoboam managed to lose most of his kingdom in part due to a tax revolt that he failed to properly settle. True. Joash brought hope to the Southern Kingdom by repairing the Temple. TRUE What kep prophecies did the prophets of this period give regarding the Messiah? All of the above. One of the most memorable things about Ahaz was his closing of the Temple and his worshipping the gods of Damascus. TRUE Isiah was commissioned as a prophet the year Uzziah died? TRUE

An Analysis of Criminal Profiling - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1151 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Criminal profiling Criminal profiling is the growth of an investigation through gathering information concerning a crime scene and an offence to assemble a psychosomatic picture of the recognized architect of the crime. Simply, it is the concluding of a criminalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s or an offenderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feature from his or her offence scene traits. For instance, an investigator might attempt to conclude a criminalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s gender, occupation history or age from the way he or she have accomplished during the duration the crime was conducted. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Analysis of Criminal Profiling" essay for you Create order It helps an investigator to identify unknown offenders and establish a psychological portrait of the offender, depending on the crime committed such as mixed, disorganized or organized crimes. Criminal profiling has been associated with offender profiling, particular profile analysis and psychological profiling. Typically, it is utilized with crimes where the criminalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s identity is unrecognized and with serious forms of crime where the criminalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s identity is unrecognized and with serious forms of crimes such a rape or murder. In addition, investigators are also likely to address crime series, which are series of crimes that are deemed to have been committed by the same criminal. Types of criminal profiling The form of chores that an investigator might be requested to completed rely on the type of criminal profiling. Geographical profiling Geographical profiling concerns how the criminal got into crime and from the crime. A geographical profiling investigator could be requested to determine the possible location of a criminal home from the geography of his or her acknowledged crimes. Geographic profiling is mainly utilized to determine the possible area of a criminalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s residence from the location of the crime. It is very useful when an investigator has a pool of suspects because it enable the investigator to narrow down and prioritize a region of investigation. Through utilizing the locations of a criminalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s crime as his or her central point, a geographical investigator attempts to predict the region in which the criminal resides. The investigator examines the routine activities of the criminal and draw conclusion bases on them. For instance, the Routine Activities Theory and Pattern are important to geographical profiling because they focus on individual daily life activities. Simil arly, the geographical profiling approach assumes that a criminal will offend in a region with which he or she is familiar, meaning that while an offender is carrying out his or her daily life, he or she will recognize likely targets. The Routine Activities Theory and Pattern connect to the notion in geographical profiling that criminals have a mental or a cognitive map of their geographical regions. Furthermore, these theories has resulted to the growth in criminal psychology of geographical profiling principles and definitions of sorts of criminals. Nevertheless, the efficiency of the geographic profiling has not obtained a boundless deal of attention, although there are some evidence concerning its accuracy. For instance, between the year 1991-2001 Rossmoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profiling process, Rigel was utilized in the investigation of 1426 offenses. The effectiveness of geographical profiling was examined through comparing the size of the entire region over which the crimes ha ppened to the size of the region starting to be looked for on the ground of geographical profile. The criminalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s home was determined having looked approximately just the central 5percent of the crime region. Its credibility appeared to vary relying in the sort of crime. Profiling of a criminal personal feature Profiling of a criminal persona features is mostly associated with the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Criminal profiling.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  It concerns identifying unknown criminal and providing details of the criminalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s possible features as concluded from the criminal traits at the offence scene. Indeed, a criminal profiling investigator might be requested to advise the police on the manner that a certain criminal or suspect is supposed to be interviewed. The only difference between geographical profiling and criminal profiling is that geographical profiling concerns identifying the area of the crime while criminal profiling identify the personal characteristics of the criminal. The usefulness of criminal profiling depends on the extent of which profiling has been executed in practice. For instance, if constantly profiles are found not to be accurate in some aspects, it may result to police loosing entire faith in their worth because inaccurate criminal profile has the like lihood to provide the wrong impression about the investigation. Furthermore, the extreme important criticism of criminal profiling is that there is no much research that show the types of profiling to be reliable and valid. Hence, it is extremely hard to identify how efficient criminal profiling is because it is grounded on assertions. For example, when profiling the features of an individual, the investigator is asserting that the traits shown at the offence scene are a result of the individual traits rather than dogged by the situation. To effectively profile personal features from offence scene trait there would have to be some aspects of the crime scene trait that are more illustrative of the individual than of the situation. Today, criminal profiling is neither a broadly allowed law enforcement practice, nor a worldwide investigative practice, however, there is some facts to back up its utilization of various forms of crime such as rape and murder. Moreover, criminal profili ng as an art is not intended to be a law enforcement solution, though law enforcement agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) are starting to acknowledge the advantages of this approach as a reliable investigative instrument. Over the years, there has been rising utilization of criminal profiling, although it is still a contentious tool. Not every person holds that developing a hypothetical image of a criminal or a suspect makes an impact to solving crimes because it is hard to recognize whether an investigator is working with an effective investigative tool until it is compared with the suspect. In conclusion, criminal profiling has attracted the interest of the criminal psychology students and the public. However, it is a discipline in its early stages that needs a lot of growth, especially in association to developing a solid hypothetical ground and examining its efficiency in a methodologically rigorous manner. The efficiency of a criminal profile is wrong or even to some extent may insufficient mislead police, thus permitting the criminal to run away from detection and making an innocent individual surfer. Nevertheless, it does not mean that criminal profiling should be ignored or never to be utilized by police. It should be handled with caution for it to be completely effective. Moreover, it should not be irrationally allowed or depended because it may sometime not have any association to the reality. Work Cited Alison, L., Bennel, C., Ormerod, D., Macros, A. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Personality Paradox in Offender Profilingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢: Psychology, Public policy, and Law, 2002. 8(1), 115-135 Grubin, D Offender Profiling Journal of Forensic Psychiatry , 1995. 6, 259 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 263 Rossmo, D.K. Geographic Profiling in In J.L. Jackson, and D.A. Bekerian,Offender Profiling: Theory, Research and Practice. John Wiley and Sons: Chichester, 1997. 159 -176