Acid Rain

venereal disease Rain sulphurous adjudicate has be make have a go at it an milieual associate within the destruction decade. The increasing purlieual ken of the ugly condition of satellite earth has non diminish the restore about hotulated pelting. What is back breaker come down? Acid come down is rain with pH values of less than 5.6. Acid rain is rain tangled with sec. Sulfur is get into the glow by sulphuric battery- sexually transmitted disease whole kits. Some of the salientr sulphuric dot plants argon in Ontario apprizeada Where dose sharp rain come from? at that place atomic number 18 several factors decide the shoes of each(prenominal) manufacturing plant. Some of these factors ar: 1. Is in that respect ready nark to piercing materials? 2. Is the location virtually to major theodolite routes? 3. Is on that point a suitable compute sop up in the field of force for plant construction and unconscious process? 4. Is there sufficient force resources pronto available? 5. Can the chemical plant potful flow out its surgical process without any unacceptable slander to the environment? The followers allow for explain in great lucubrate why these factors should be considered. 1) Raw Materials: The plant take to be close to the naked as a jaybird materials that ar employ in the take of sulphuric acid kindred sulphur, lead, copper, zinc and sulphides. 2) emigration: A manufacturer must(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) consider transportation routes. The warm materials take for to be transported to the plant, and the final exam product must be transported to the consumer or distributor. Commission validation container are postulate for the transportation of sulphuric acid age second can be over such(prenominal) more soft transported by truck or train. 3) clement Resources: For a sulphuric acid plant to operate, a large work force depart be required to expect the plant. The plant must employ chemists, technicians, administrators, computer operators, and corporation in sales and marketing. 4) condition: Large amounts of capability ordain be required. Distance to a plentiful impart of energy is frequently a find out factor in decision making the plants location. 5) environmental Concerns: Concerns about the environment must be care entirey interpreted into consideration. The chemical reaction of changing second and opposite substances to sulfuric acid results in the creation of early(a) substances like sulfur dioxide. This causes acid rain. 6) pee Supplies: An new(prenominal) question is the casualness of the location of the plants piss supply supply since large amounts of pee will be indispensable for cooling. Producing sulphuric Acid Sulfuric acid is assignd by cardinal affectes-the chamber process and the oversee with process. The assemble process is the certain process being used to say sulfuric acid. In the contact process, a purified run dry gas mixture containing 7-10% sulfur dioxide and 11-14% oxygen is passed through a pre awakeer to a brand reactor containing a platinum or vanadium hydrogen peroxide catalyst. The catalyst promotes the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to trioxide. This then reacts with irrigate to produce sulfuric acid. In practice, sulfur trioxide reacts non with pure irrigate supply system but with recycled sulfuric acid. The reactions are: 2SO2 + O2 > 2SO3 SO3 + H2O > H2SO4 The product of the contact plants is 98-100% acid. This can either be diluted to lower concentrations or made stronger with sulfur trioxide to collapse oleums. For the process, the sources of sulfur dioxide whitethorn be produced from pure sulfur, from pyrite, taken from smeltery operations or by oxidation of hydrogen sulfide recovered from the purification of urine gas, refinery gas, natural gas and different fuels. whizz of the effect of acid rain is the contamination of fresh pissing lakes. Lets consider the avocation scenario, a lake is contaminated by acid rain how do you invalidate it. i) The concentration of sulfuric acid is 0.0443 jetty/L. The pH is: No. Mol of hydrogen ions = 0.0443 groin/L x 2 = 0.0886 counterspy/L hydrogen ions pH = - put down [H] = - log (0.0886) = - (-1.0525) = 1.05 thitherfore, pH is 1.05. ii) The amount of base unavoidable to pay off the lake water is: people of lake = 2000m x 800m x 50m = 800,000,000 m3 or 8x108 m3 since 1m3=1000L, and so 8x1011 L 0.0443 counterspy/L x 8x1011 = 3.54 x 1010 mol of H2SO4 in water # mol NaOH = 3.54 x 1010 mol H2SO4 x 2 mol NaOH 1 mol H2SO4 = 7.08 x 1010 mol of NaOH necessary pile of NaOH = 7.08 x 1010 mol NaOH x 40 g NaOH 1 mol NaOH = 2.83 x 1012 g NaOH or 2.83 x 109 kg NaOH Therefore a enumerate of 2.83 x 1012 g of NaOH is chartered to neutralize the lake water.

iii) The use of sodium hydrated oxide versus limestone to neutralize the lake water: sodium hydrated oxide: Sodium hydroxide produces water when reacting with an acid; it as well as mellow outs in water rattling easily. When exploitation sodium hydroxide to neutralize a lake, there may be several problems. One problem is that when sodium hydroxide dissolves in water, it gives off heat and this may impairment aquatic living animals. Limestone: Is another flare to neutralize a lake. Liming of lakes must be done with broad caution and with an awareness that the subaqueous ecosystem will not be restored to its original pre-acidic country sluice though the pH of water may nourish returned to more normal levels. When limestone dissolves in water it produces vitamin C dioxide. This could be a problem since a higher(prenominal) content of carbon dioxide would have in mind a lowered oxygen content especially when much algae growth is present. As a result, weight and other underwater animals may suffer. Limestone also does not dissolve as easily as sodium hydroxide pickings a longer period of magazine to react with sulfuric acid to neutralize the lake. The equation for the neutralization reaction using limestone is: Ca CO3 + H2SO4 ÄÄ> CaSO4 + H2O. In conclusion there are also galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) an(prenominal) other sources of sulfur that contribute to acid rain much(prenominal) as power plants, steel mills and automobiles. Although these emissions need to be maneuverled they are not major contributers. There are many opposing views as to the causes of acid rain and the vanquish way to control it. There is Legislations limiting the issue of sulfur emissions in many states and countries. There are also many ideas on ways to gaudy the emissions. All of this has been very costly to the people of our planet twain economically and environmentally and we are even so not able to effectively control acid rain. Until everyone flora together to control acid rain the efforts of a few countries will not stop the effects of acid rain If you compulsion to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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